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PTY!

Use this operator to create a partisan control variable from a vote proportion. For example, if vote88 is the Democratic proportion of the two-party vote, PTY!vote88 is $-1$ if the Republican candidate wins the district (vote88$<$0.5) and 1 if the Democratic candidate wins (vote88$>$0.5). See King (1991) and Gelman and King (1990) for discussions of the importance of using this partisan control variable along with previous vote variables.