@workingpaper {667518,
	title = {Expert Report of Gary King, in Bowyer et al. v. Ducey (Governor) et al., US District Court, District of Arizona},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {
	In this report, I evaluate evidence described and conclusions drawn in several Exhibits in this case offered by the Plaintiffs. I conclude that the evidence is insufficient to support conclusions about election fraud. Throughout, the authors break the chain of evidence repeatedly {\textendash} from the 2020 election, to the data analyzed, to the quantitative results presented, to the conclusions drawn {\textendash} and as such cannot be relied on. In addition, the Exhibits make many crucial assumptions without justification, discussion, or even recognition {\textendash} each of which can lead to substantial bias, and which was unrecognized and uncorrected. The data analytic and statistical procedures used in the Exhibits for data providence, data analysis, replication information, and statistical analysis all violate professional standards and should be disregarded.\&nbsp;[Thanks to\&nbsp;Soubhik Barari for research assistance.]Update: Findings and conclusions of the\&nbsp;expert witness report were\&nbsp;confirmed in the Court{\textquoteright}s ruling in this case:\&nbsp;"Not only have Plaintiffs failed to provide the Court with factual support for their extraordinary claims, but they have wholly failed to establish that they have standing for the Court to consider them. Allegations that find favor in the public sphere of gossip and innuendo cannot be a substitute for earnest pleadings and procedure in federal court. They\&nbsp;most certainly cannot be the basis for upending Arizona{\textquoteright}s 2020 General Election. The Court is left with no alternative but to dismiss this matter in its entirety."



	\&nbsp;

},
	author = {Gary King}
}
