Questions:

1. How useful is it for you to make informal additional payments to government officials to obtain government services?

1. Essential
2. Very Useful
3. Moderately Useful
4. Slightly Useful
5. Not Useful

Vignettes:

1. [X] needs a building permit. Informal additional payments are an important source of the local government officials' income, and X never had an application accepted without such payment.

2. [X] needs a building permit. Informal additional payments are welcomed. X usually includes an additional informal payment with his application. When he didn't, his applications were sometimes lost or greatly delayed, and he had to refile.

3. [X] needs a building permit. Informal additional payments are accepted. X makes such payments, but only if he needs a permit especially quickly.

4. [X] needs a building permit. No one he knows ever made an informal additional payment. To speed up his application, he tries to pay, but the officials all refuse to accept the payment. They chastise (reprimand/ criticize) him for even trying.