Methods for interpersonal incomparability, when respondents (from different cultures, genders, countries, or ethnic groups) understand survey questions in different ways; for developing theoretical definitions of complicated concepts apparently definable only by example (i.e., "you know it when you see it").
Anchoring Vignettes (for interpersonal incomparability)
Enhancing the Validity and Cross-cultural Comparability of Measurement in Survey Research.” American Political Science Review, 98, Pp. 191–207.Abstract
. 2004. “
Comparing Incomparable Survey Responses: New Tools for Anchoring Vignettes.” Political Analysis, 15, Pp. 46-66.Abstract
. 2007. “
Improving Anchoring Vignettes: Designing Surveys to Correct Interpersonal Incomparability.” Public Opinion Quarterly, Pp. 1-22.Abstract
. 2010. “